A The terms “method” and “approach” are mistakenly used as synonyms in the literature about the subject referring to a group of activities conducted in the classroom as well as to the theory supporting these activities.
B The Direct methodology, which appeared in opposition to the Traditional method, is based upon the idea that learning a new language comes from the help and comparison with the mother language, which should also be used by the teacher in class.
C Both in the Audiolingual and in the Total Physical Response approaches, the student has the position of a mediator in class.
D From a semantic-pragmatic perspective, both the spoken and the written texts should be the focus of the class, including the grammatical elements and the meanings that these elements help produce.
E The socio-interactionist is one of the approaches criticized by the 1998 “PCNs” (Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais) for the teaching of foreign languages.