A approach only matters connected to language, so as keep students’ focus on content.
B ignore aspects of race and gender, for example, because they do not help in the learning process.
C promote different literacies according to their own needs, ignoring students’ cultural background.
D reflect upon and refer to gender literacy, racial literacy, digital literacy and others besides focusing on language.
E reflect upon and refer to grammar, vocabulary and the four skills: listening, reading, writing and speaking.