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Read the text to answer question.
Different times, different methods
Current teaching practice is the direct result of the
acquisition-versus-learning debate. Also, both abstract theory
and practical techniques have been discussed, have gone
in and out of fashion, and have influenced what was and is
included in classrooms and teaching materials.
In the 1990s, for example, there was considerable
discussion about the Lexical Approach. In the 1970s, methods
such as the Silent Way were advocated, and although they
may not be used much any more – certainly not as they
were originally envisaged – still some of the techniques
they included have been incorporated into modern teaching
practice.
Amongst the plethora of ideas and techniques which
have been offered over the years, some trends have had, and
continue to have a significant impact on how languages are
taught today.
(HARMER, J. 1998. Adaptado.)
The expression “designer methods” was coined by David
Nunan in 1989, and referred to a group of language
teaching methods that were created in the 1970s. Among
them is the Silent Way. The alternative that names two of
these methods is:
