Texto da Questão:
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Equipped with spiritual armor against the threats and
blows of a new, strange life, literate man marches forth to win
victories in war and statecraft, art and science, religion and
business. But in achieving these triumphs each civilization brings
into being, willy-nilly, a larger and more complex community,
increasingly divided against itself by internal cleavages of needs
and creeds and fraught with growing contradictions in all spheres
of life between theory and practice, faith and works, ideals and
realities. The new unity of sentiment and purpose which
gloriously characterizes the coming of the great age proves to be
short-lived.
The uneasy balance of instinct, egotism, and ethics,
woefully lost with the initial transition from preliteracy to
civilization and transiently regained in new devotions to tribal
gods, human or divine, is again lost as the orbit of civilization
moves from tribe and kingdom and nation to the complex
and confusing imperium of the great society and the World State.
The acids of rationalism and skepticism dissolve old loyalties.
The injunctions of morality, even when reinforced by the vision
of the monotheistic higher religions, conflict with reason and
self-interest. Man is divided against himself. And therefore men
become divided against themselves in new cleavages of rich
and poor, in-group and out-group, faithful and infidel, orthodox
and heterodox, my side and your side.
Frederick L. Schuman. International politics: the destiny of the
Western State System. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1948.
According to the preceding text, judge the following item.
In the first sentence of the second paragraph, “woefully” and “transiently” modify two different actions.
