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#3186409

Read the following exchange between two people having breakfast together.


A – Coffee?

B – Please.

A – Milk? Sugar?

B – No milk. One sugar, thanks.

A – Toast?

B – No thanks.

A – Juice?

B – Mmm.


(Thornbury, 2005, p. 3)


After reading the dialogue, choose the item that DOES NOT describe a correct reflection about grammar.

  • We can point that, in the dialogue, each person’s utterances are one-word, at the most two-words long. So, there is not much of grammar of word order either – which is called syntax.
  • We can point out that in the dialogue there is little or no grammar in terms of morphology or syntax. This exchange operates almost entirely on the word level.
  • We can point out that in the dialogue language effectiveness relies largely on words alone, the rest of the communicative work being done by inferencing – from the context, from shared knowledge, or through familiarity with our speaking or writing partners.
  • We can point out that in the dialogue lexical communication is also a characteristic of early speech, whether in first or second language learning.
  • We can point out that in the dialogue there are no verbs, for a start, so there are no verb endings, and people can’t understand what is being said because the dialogue was built using only morphology – the study of forms.
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