Texto da Questão:
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Text 4
It seems to me, having been involved for many years with
teaching English as a so-called second or foreign language, that
there are deep and indissoluble links between the practices,
theories, and contexts of ELT and the history of colonialism.
Such connections, I want to suggest, run far deeper than
drawing parallels between the current global expansion of
English and the colonial expansion that preceded it. Rather, I
want to argue that ELT theories and practices that emanate from
the former colonial powers still carry the traces of those colonial
histories both because of the long history of direct connections
between ELT and colonialism and because such theories and
practices derive from broader European cultures and ideologies
that themselves are products of colonialism.
PENNYCOOK, A. English and the discourses of colonialism. London:
Routledge, 2002, p. 19.
In the text, the term "rather" (line 7) is used as an adverb,
and it can be replaced by
