A skimming and scanning are optional preliminary steps, as predicting and inferring alone provide sufficient understanding of both the content of the text and the author’s intentions.
B the primary purpose of skimming is to predict the author’s intent, while scanning is limited to identifying structural markers and headings.
C careful reading is an isolated skill in ESP that occurs independently of skimming and scanning, and its main goal is to memorize specific information.
D skimming and scanning are preliminary strategies that allow ESP readers to efficiently assess relevance and locate information.
E skimming, scanning, careful reading, and discourse-based strategies are independent skills; their order or integration does not significantly affect comprehension or application in ESP contexts.