A All verbs have asubject. The subject is generally the person or thing that the sentence is about. It‘s often the person or thing that performs the action of the verb in question and it usually (but not always) comes before the verb.
B The simple subject is the main noun or pronoun that tells what the sentence is about.1- Thebatterswung at the third ball. (main noun as simple subject)2-Shehit a high pop foul. (main pronoun as simple subject)A simple predicate is the verb or verb phrase that expresses action or being about the subject.1- The crowdcheeredafter the touchdown. (main verb as simple predicate)2- The teamwill practiceon Saturday. (main verb phrase as simple predicate)
C A complement completes the meaning of a verb. It may be one word or a group of words. One kind of complement is the direct object. A direct object answers the questionwhat? or whom?after an action verb: Mario picked someflowersfor the mantel. (Mario picked what?)A direct object may have more than one part.The farmer carried thecalfand thelambthrough the floodwaters.
D Another kind of complement, theindirect object, answers these questions following an action verb:to whom? for whom? to what?The child threw herfatherandmothera kiss. (The child threw a kiss to whom?)The crowd gave ourteama cheer. (The crowd gave a cheer to what?)
E In the sentence "Give Val some money", "Val" is the direct object.