A “they” (line 6) refers to “producers and consumers” (line 5).
B “these countries” (line 26) refers to “poor nations with oil,” (line 25).
C “that change” (line 31) refers to “newly aggressive foreign policies.” (line 32).
D “He” (line 41) refers to “Barack Obama” (line 43).
E “they” (line 51) refers to “car makers” (line 50).